Plant Biosecurity Governance Dilemma in Pakistan: The Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abstract

Plant biological insecurity is a globally recognized existential threat to plants and human beings. The world security community has framed legal codes to ensure it. This article comprehensively discusses the existing plant biosecurity governance paradox in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan particularly and in India generally. It discusses plant biosecurity governance within the non-traditional security framework. It also sheds light on the various plant biosecurity governance issues and in Pakistani society and in the South Asian region. It also highlights how the traditional security has affected the plant biosecurity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. On the basis of empirical data, various recommendations are suggested to ensure plant biosecurity in its letter and spirit.